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According to the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Istita'ah is not only in the form of financial capability, health (including physical and metal), transportation, and security. Rather, Istita'ah also includes knowledge about Hajj that must be possessed by prospective pilgrims.
So before finding out more about what Istita'ah is, let's read in full the following article which will discuss the meaning, prayers and conditions, types, and procedures of Istita'ah. All will be discussed thoroughly in the article below. For that, let's truFriends take a good look, and share this article with the closest friends.
Definition of Istitha'ah
Istita'ah in general is the ability of prospective pilgrims to fulfill the conditions of Hajj to perform the pilgrimage. This is related to the fifth pillar of Islam, namely hajj for those who are able, in the sense that it is not required to perform the pilgrimage if the condition is unstable.
Where prospective pilgrims have good health, finance, transportation, and security guarantees. Istitha'ah means ability (strong/able). So istitha'ah in Hajj and Umrah means the ability (power) to perform Hajj or Umrah.
Istita'ah is generally divided into 2, namely as follows:
Istitha'ah Mubasyirah
The ability of the prospective pilgrims themselves, including: finance, health, good procedures, according to their own abilities must be fulfilled in carrying out the pilgrimage.
Istitha'ah Ghoiru Mubasyirah
The ability of pilgrims who have been fulfilled financially, but experience conditions in which something that causes them not to be able to go on Hajj, so that their worship can be represented.
For example, if a person can only fulfill the requirements of the Hajj pilgrimage in terms of finances, transportation, and good security, but his health is not good or he is old, then the Hajj pilgrimage can be performed on behalf of a close relative or other person.
The evidence for this has been explained in the Qur'an and hadith:
1. Ali Imran verse 97:
وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلْبَيْتِ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱلَّهَ غَنِىٌّ عَنِ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
Meaning: "...Performing the Hajj is an obligation upon mankind towards Allah, (for) those who are able to travel to the House of Allah. Whoever denies (the obligation of Hajj), then surely Allah is All-Rich (in need of nothing).
2. Al-Baqarah verse 196:
وَأَتِمُّوا۟ ٱلْحَجَّ وَٱلْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ
Meaning: "And complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for the sake of Allah." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 196).
Prayer and Conditions of Istita'ah
The Istita'ah prayer is something that must be said before performing Hajj. Below is the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (SAW) for the person going for Hajj:
زَوَّدَكَ اللهُ التَّقْوَى وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ وَيَسَّرَ لَكَ الخَيْرَ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ
Zawwadakallâhut taqwâ, wa ghafara dzanbaka, wa yassara lakal khaira haitsumâ kunta.
Meaning: "May Allah provide you with piety, forgive your sins, and ease you in the path of goodness wherever you are."
Upon entering the Haram, the following supplication should be recited:
اللَّهُمَّ زِدْ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ تَشْرِيْفًا وَتَعْظِيْمًا وَعِزَّةً وَمَهَابَةً وَزِدْ مِنْ شَرَفِهِ وَعَظِّمْهُ مِمَّنْ حَجَّهُ أَوْ اِعْتَمَرَهُ تَشْرِيْفًا وَتَعْظِيْمًا وَتَكْرِيْمَا وَبِرًّا، اَللهم هَذَا حَرَمُكَ فَحَرِّمْ لَحْمِيْ وَدَمِيْ عَلَى النَّارِ، اللهم قِنِيْ عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ تَبْعَثُ عِبَادَكَ، اللهم آمِنِّيْ مِنْ غَضَبِكَ وَعِقَابِكَ.
Allâhumma zid hâdzal baita tasyrîfan wa ta'dhîman wa 'izzatan wa mahabatan, wa zid min sharafihi, wa 'adh-dhimhu mimman hajjahu au i'tamarahu, tasyrîfan wa ta'dhîman wa takrîman wa birran. Allâhumma hâdza haramuka fa harrim lahmî wa damî 'alan-nâr. Allâhumma qinî 'adzâbaka yauma tab'atsu 'ibâdaka. Allâhumma âminnî min ghadlabika wa 'iqâbika.
Meaning: O Allah, add to this House of Allah the glory, majesty and authority, add to its glory, exalt it from those who make Hajj or Umrah to it, glorify, exalt and beautify it. O Allah, this is your haram land, so forbid my flesh and blood from hell. O Allah, keep me safe from Your punishment, on the day You resurrect Your slaves. O Allah, keep me safe from Your wrath and punishment.
Quoted from Al-Wasail al-Shafi'ah by Al-'Alim al-'Allamah al-Muhaddith Muhammad ibn 'Ali Khirid al-Alawi al-Husaini al-Tarimi (Dar al-Hawi, second printing 1999, p. 238).
Terms of Istitha'ah
In order to facilitate the congregation, here are the Istitha'ah requirements in general, including:
Physical Ability
Physical ability is the main requirement in fulfilling the requirements of Hajj, including:
It is not difficult to perform Hajj/umrah.
Not paralyzed.
Not in a state of illness that is expected to take a long time to recover.
Those with a history of severe illness and the elderly are not required to perform Hajj.
Financial Capability
The ability of pilgrims in finance is the second requirement in performing the pilgrimage.
Not only being able to perform the pilgrimage but also the pilgrims must have adequate savings or preparation during the trip.
However, if you cannot fulfill everything, then the pilgrims are not required to perform the pilgrimage.
Transportation Facilities from the State
The readiness of transportation facilities is the third requirement, if each country does not have transportation facilities.
Then it is not required to perform the pilgrimage. Because the transportation will be used by pilgrims in traveling from Mecca to Medina.
Security
When the Covid-19 pandemic is growing rapidly and the death rate continues to increase, every country prohibits prospective pilgrims from leaving for hajj The government of Saudi Arabia also closed access to pilgrims. Because this is very important in the last Istita'ah requirement, the safety of the pilgrims is more important.
Istithah in terms of security includes:
Safe in travel and safe when performing Hajj or Umrah.
Safe for the family and different assets left behind during the Hajj or Umrah.
Istitha'ah Procedure
The Istitha'ah procedure before leaving for Hajj, which must be carried out by pilgrims, includes:
Physical and Health Examination
The first procedure is a physical examination. The pilgrims will be examined physically as a whole by the medical team. After performing a physical examination, the next action is a health check.
The series of health istithaah examinations include registration, anthropometry (Weight, Height, Abdominal Circumference), Laboratory (Blood, Urine and Sputum Checks), Radiology, and ECG.
Opening a Hajj Savings Account
Opening a savings account for Hajj departure is the second procedure as a form of emergency provision while in the Holy Land.
The function of opening a Hajj savings account, among others, is as an emergency fund in case the pilgrims experience difficulties, for example for treatment, food, transportation costs to bring souvenirs.
Knowledge about Hajj and Transportation
Pilgrims are required to have at least some knowledge about Hajj, starting from the prayer for departure, the procedure for throwing the jumrah and up to the prayer for closing the Hajj journey. All of these should be mastered, to perfect the quality of hajj.
The government should provide at least public transportation facilities for Indonesian pilgrims, so that pilgrims do not feel exhausted while performing Hajj.
Is Istitha'ah a Compulsory Requirement of Hajj?
Istitha'ah is not a mandatory requirement of Hajj. Istitha'ah is a prayer or request to Allah to ask for help, guidance, and blessings in carrying out worship or facing certain situations. Although important and recommended, istitha'ah is not a condition that must be fulfilled for the validity of the Hajj.
Because the obligatory conditions of Hajj include:
-Islam,
-Baligh.
-Reasonable.
-Independence.
-Possession of sufficient wealth.
-Sufficient health.
So, while istitha'ah is highly recommended in performing Hajj and in various aspects of life, it is not a mandatory requirement that must be met for the validity of Hajj.
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